FOUNDATIONAL STUDIES CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR PRODUCTS

Scholarly Articles

Access some of the most notable studies and articles available online regarding cannabis extracts’ potential medicinal benefits. This collection of research has played a foundational role in our thinking and the development of our cannabis products.

THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM 101

• “Why Does Cannabis Work for so Many Different Health Conditions?” from Green Flower Media, 2017

Medicinal Cannabis For Pain Relief

• “New Research Proves Marijuana Effectively Controls Chronic Pain”
  from The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) via HelloMD. August 2017
• Cannabis as a Substitute for Opioid-Based Pain Medication: Patient Self-Report
  from Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. June 2017

BRAIN CANCER

• “The combination of cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances the anticancer effects of radiation in an orthotopic murine glioma model”
  from Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2014
• “Cannabinoid action induces autophagy-mediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells”
  from The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2009
• “Cannabinoids and gliomas.”
  from The Journal of Molecular Neurobiology, 2007
• “A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme”
  from British Journal of Cancer, 2006
• “Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma cell migration through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism”
  from The British Journal of Pharmacology, 2005
• “Antitumor Effects of Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid, on Human Glioma Cell Lines”
  from The Journal of Pharmacology, 2004
• “Cannabinoids Inhibit the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway in Gliomas”
  from The Journal of Cancer Research & American Journal of Cancer, 2004
• “Inhibition of glioma growth in vivo by selective activation of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor”
  from The Journal of Cancer Research & American Journal of Cancer, 2001

BREAST CANCER

• “Suppression of Nerve Growth Factor Trk Receptors and Prolactin Receptors by Endocannabinoids Leads to Inhibition of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation”
  from Endocrinology, 2013
• “Cannabidiolic acid, a major cannabinoid in fiber-type cannabis, is an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration”
  from Toxicology Letters, 2012
• “Cannabinoids: a new hope for breast cancer therapy?”
  from Cancer Treatment Reviews, 2012
• “Crosstalk between chemokine receptor CXCR4 and cannabinoid receptor CB2 in modulating breast cancergrowth and invasion.”
  from PLoS One, 2011
• “Pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.”
  from Breast Cancer Research & Treatment, 2011
• “Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition”
  from Molecular Cancer, 2010
• “Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells.”
  from Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2007
• “Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells through Cdc2 Regulation”
  from Journal of Cancer Research, 2006
• “Anti-tumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma”
  from Journal of Pharmacology, 2006

LUNG CANCER

• “Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1.”
  from The FASEB Journal, 2012
• “Cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, as novel targets for inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis.”
  from Cancer Prevention Research, 2011
• “Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo”
  from Oncogene, 2008

Mouth & Throat Cancer

• “Cannabinoids inhibit cellular respiration of human oral cancer cells”
  from Pharmacology, 2010

Uterine, Testicular, & Pancreatic Cancer

• “Cannabis and Cannabinoids”
  from National Cancer Institute, 2014
• “Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis of Pancreatic Tumor Cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Related Genes”
  from Cancer Research, 2006

Prostate Cancer

• “The role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer: Basic science perspective and potential clinical applications”
  from Indian Journal of Urology, 2012
• “Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostatic cancer cell lines: implication of epidermal growth factor receptor down-regulation and ceramide production”
  from Prostate, 2003
• Id-1 stimulates serum independent prostate cancer cell proliferation through inactivation of p16INK4a/pRB pathway
  from Carcinogenesis 23 (5), 721-725, 2002

Colorectal Cancer

• “Cannabinoids in intestinal inflammation and cancer”
  from Pharmacological Research, 2009
• (PDF) “Turned-off Cannabinoid Receptor Turns on Colorectal Tumor Growth”
  from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2008
• “The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, induces cell death in colorectal carcinoma cells: a possible role for cyclooxygenase 2”
  from Gut, 2005

Ovarian Cancer

• “Cannabinoid receptors as a target for therapy of ovarian cancer”
  from AACR, 2006

Blood Cancer

• “Expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Growth inhibition by receptor activation”
  from International Journal of Cancer, 2008
• “Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by translocation of Bad to mitochondria”
  from Molecular Cancer Research, 2006
• “Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease”
  from Blood, 2002

Skin Cancer

• “Inhibition of skin tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid receptors”
  from Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2003

Liver Cancer

• “Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy”
  from Cell Death & Differentiation, 2011

Biliary Tract Cancer

• “The dual effects of delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on cholangiocarcinoma cells: anti-invasion activity at low concentration and apoptosis induction at high concentration”
  from Cancer Investigations, 2010

Bladder Cancer

• “Marijuana may lower bladder cancer risk”
  from American Urological Association, 2013

Overview Articles (All Cancers)

• “Cannabidiol as potential anticancer drug”
  from British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2013
• “Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents in cancer: current status and future implications”
  from Oncotarget, 2014
• (PDF) “Cannabinoids for Cancer Treatment: Progress and Promise”
  from Cancer Research, 2008
• “Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by cannabinoids”
  from The FASEB Journal, 2003

EPILEPSY

• “The use of cannabidiol for seizure management in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy”
  via US National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health, 2017

Huntington’s Disease

• “Sativex-like Combination of Phytocannabinoids is Neuroprotective in Malonate-Lesioned Rats, an Inflammatory Model of Huntington’s Disease: Role of CB1 and CB2 Receptors”
  from ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2009

Alzheimer’s Disease

• “Cannabis-based medicine reduces multiple pathological processes in AβPP/PS1 mice”
  from Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2015

Foundational Medicinal Cannabis/Cannabinoid Research

• (PDF) That which we call Indica, by any other name would smell as sweet
  from Cannabinoids 9(1), 9-15, 2014
• Care and Feeding of the Endocannabinoid System: A Systematic Review of Potential Clinical Interventions that Upregulate the Endocannabinoid System
  from PLoS One 9(3), e89566, 2014
• Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects
  from British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344-1364, 2011
• Gut feelings about the endocannabinoid system
  from Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 23 (5) 391–398, 2011
• (PDF) Evaluation of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Effects of Six Major Cannabinoids Isolated from Cannabis sativa
  from Biol. Pharm. Bull. 34(5), 774-778, 2011
• Characterization of tunable piperidine and piperazine carbamates as inhibitors of endocannabinoid hydrolases
  from Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53(4): 1830–1842, 2010
• (PDF) “Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb”
  from Cell Press, 2009
• (PDF) The endocannabinoid system in targeting inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases
  from TRENDS in Pharmacological Sciences 28 (4), 180-187, 2007
• (PDF) The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
  from Pharmacological Reviews 58(3), 389-462, 2006
• (PDF) Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice
  from Nature 434, 782-786, 2005
• An Overview of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System: Components and Possible Roles of this Recently Discovered Regulatory System
  from Erowid.org, v1.1 May 2003, v1.2 Feb 2005
• Letters to Nature: Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake
  from Nature 410, 822-825, 2001